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18 Simple Ways to Relax Without Alcohol

When you first quit drinking, you might not know how to relax without alcohol. How else can you unwind after a stressful day, enjoy time with your friends, or let off steam? In this article, you’ll learn 23 strategies to have fun, center yourself, and keep moving toward your recovery goals.

1. Deep Breathing and Relaxation Techniques

In moments of stress, breathing is powerful. Data shows that breath control has huge benefits,1 both physically and psychologically. 

Deep breathing techniques,2 in particular, can help your body relax. These practices stimulate your relaxation response, which has a direct effect on your physical health. Experts say deep breathing can stabilize your blood pressure, and may even improve immune system activity. Deep, diaphragmatic breathing3—or, belly breathing—can also reduce stress and negative emotions. It may even improve your attention span.

Here’s one technique you can try:

Rest your hand on your belly as you take slow, deep breaths in and out. Notice how it feels to breathe, both in your lungs and as your breath moves your hand. Continue this exercise for as long as you like. Try to observe your own experience without judgment. 

2. Mindful Meditation

For many people, mindful meditation is an essential part of recovery4 from alcohol addiction. Meditating regularly can relieve depression and anxiety, help with cravings, and lower your risk of relapse. 

Mindful meditation can take many forms. For instance, you can sit quietly with your eyes closed and focus on your breath. But that technique doesn’t work for everyone. You can also look around and take note of your environment, or pay attention to how your body feels while you go for a walk. Some people meditate in groups, sharing their experiences in daily or weekly sessions. Many people who are new to meditation find it helpful to use guided meditations or guided imagery. You can think of meditation as a therapeutic coping mechanism, a spiritual practice, or anything else that works for you.

3. Progressive Muscle Relaxation

You can use progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) for physical and emotional symptoms.5 This technique can treat many health issues, including anxiety, bipolar disorder, insomnia, headaches, and muscle pain. You can learn PMR from a trained healthcare provider, or try it on your own. 

You’ll start by sitting or lying in a comfortable position. Then you’ll tense a single muscle or muscle group, bringing your attention to that area. It’s important to keep breathing, and not tense your muscles so much you injure yourself. Sometimes just a little tension is enough. Next, you’ll slowly release the tension and notice how it makes you feel, both physically and emotionally. You can repeat this process with muscles anywhere in your body. PMR sessions normally last 10-15 minutes.

4. Physical Activities

If you’re wondering how to take the edge off without alcohol, physical activities are a great place to start. Any type of aerobic exercise reduces alcohol cravings.6 Just moving your body and getting your heart pumping can make a big difference right away. 

Working out can also help over longer periods of time. Some data shows that the more you exercise, the less you’ll crave alcohol7 or drugs. That’s partly because exercise increases dopamine production. 

Dopamine is a naturally occurring neurochemical that allows you to feel a sense of accomplishment. Addiction affects dopamine,8 and regulating this neurotransmitter is a very important part of healing. Regular exercise doesn’t only improve your physical health; it also helps your mind relax and recover.

Exercise isn’t accessible to everyone, but there are countless ways to engage your body. If you’re still recovering from the physical impact of addiction, you might need to move slowly at first. Talk to your doctor about which types of physical activity would be safe at each point in your healing process.

5. Yoga and Its Calming Effects on the Mind and Body

A growing body of research shows that yoga can help you commit to addiction recovery.9 This practice combines elements of exercise, mindful meditation, and spirituality. Many rehab centers offer yoga, and you can easily find classes in most areas or online. 

Yoga promotes relaxation10 and improves your overall physical health. Experts believe that “yoga and meditation practices exert positive influence on addictive behaviors.” 

6. Spending Time in Nature for Relaxation and Stress Relief

Just being in nature has numerous psychological benefits:11

  • Reduces negative feelings
  • Increases positive emotions
  • Decreases impulsivity
  • Improves physical health
  • Lowers anxiety and depressive symptoms
  • Reduces stress
  • Alleviates drug and alcohol cravings

And when it comes to relaxing without alcohol, this strategy is especially helpful. Data shows that spending time outdoors can help you recover from alcohol addiction.12 This is also a great way to connect with other people. For example, you could go camping with friends or join a local hiking group.

7. Creative Outlets

Artistic pursuits like painting, drawing, or crafting can be very therapeutic. What’s more, they offer an emotional outlet. This is extremely important during addiction recovery, when you might still be learning new coping skills. 

Creativity reduces stress13 and anxiety and improves overall well-being. Data shows these activities can also benefit your physical health. Subjects in several studies reported reductions in chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep problems after working on creative projects.

8. Reading Books

While it might look passive from the outside, reading is an extremely creative activity. Think about what happens in your mind when you read. You might see images in your head, draw connections to your own life, or just imagine how it feels to be somewhere else. 

Experts at the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) explain that reading is “a healthy escape.”14 It lets you take a break from the stress of daily life without the negative effects of alcohol. Reading can also enrich your inner world, exposing you to new ideas and perspectives. By practicing this coping strategy, you can learn new ones at the same time.

9. Writing and Journaling

Writing—and especially journaling about your life—is a great way to process your thoughts and feelings. Studies show that writing can support recovery from alcohol addiction.15 Specifically, it can boost your self-confidence and stimulate new brain activity. If you join a writing group, it can also help you connect with other people. 

Writing is an extremely accessible creative outlet. Unlike painting or crafting, you don’t need to invest in any specialized supplies. It’s also easy to keep your work private, even if you write in public places. This is a great way to explore your deepest feelings in a protected space. And if you ever want to, there are also plenty of ways to share your writing with the world.

10. Self-Care Practices

Self-care might sound like a passing trend, but there’s a reason everyone’s doing it. These small rituals can improve your relationship with yourself. You are more than the roles you play in other people’s lives. You could be the best employee, boss, parent, friend, or hiking buddy anyone has ever had—but who are you to yourself?

Simple activities, like taking a relaxing Epsom salt bath or painting your nails, can make a big difference. These practices let you give and receive love at the same time. They can also be relaxing, satisfying, and just plain fun. 

There’s much more to self-care than pampering yourself. You can also think of going to therapy or eating well as forms of self-care. For many people in recovery, these activities are non-negotiable. Once you find the strategies that work best for you, look for ways to build them into your daily routine. 

11. Connecting With Loved Ones

Spending quality time with your friends and family is hugely important during addiction recovery. Data shows that positive relationships are “crucial for reaching long-term abstinence16 or stable recovery from substance use.”

Friends and family can provide emotional support and hold you accountable in every phase of your healing journey. You can also ask them to invite you out to try new sober activities. If your loved ones enjoy a certain hobby, you might just like it too.

Any addiction, but especially high-functioning alcohol addiction, can interfere with your relationships. Maybe you isolated yourself to hide your addiction from your loved ones. Or maybe your close friends encourage you to keep drinking. In any case, you might have to rebuild your community during recovery. Consider joining a support group or attending a local meet-up to connect with people who share your values.

12. Engaging in Puzzles, Brain-Teasers, and Crosswords

In any stage of addiction, intellectual stimulation might lower your risk of addiction.17 One study suggests that solving puzzles and similar activities can rewire the brain, making you less interested in alcohol or drug use. 

Puzzles and brain-teasers are easy to find. You can play sudoku online, download an app like Tetris, or do a new crossword puzzle every morning. These games keep your mind engaged, helping you relax while you enjoy a simple challenge. 

13. Music and Audio

Music is a powerful tool for regulating your feelings. Studies show that listening to music activates the limbic system,18 which is the part of your brain that controls emotion and memory. Different types of music have different emotional impacts, depending on the tempo, volume, and genre. You might also associate certain pieces of music with different times in your life. 

When you’re first learning how to relax without alcohol, you can explore different types of music to see what works for you. Instrumental pieces or nature sounds might help you unwind. In addition to music, you might try listening to podcasts or audiobooks. 

14. Aromatherapy and Scented Relaxation

It’s no secret that alcohol can be addictive. That’s partly because drinking affects all of your senses, including your emotional responses. While that may be enjoyable in the short term, alcohol abuse just isn’t sustainable. 

Relaxing without alcohol can also be a full-body experience. Engaging your sense of smell can help you create a soothing environment. You could take a bath with essential oils, light a scented candle, or put a diffuser on your desk at work. Various scents also have unique emotional effects. For example, studies show that lavender decreases anxiety.19

15. Cultivating a Positive Mindset

Positive thinking can help you heal from alcohol20 abuse. But there’s a fine line between cultivating optimism and invalidating your feelings. With the right support, you can learn to strike a balance. 

When you first enter treatment, it might take effort to look on the bright side. But as you continue to heal, your confidence will likely go up. You can also learn how to interrupt negative thought patterns in therapy. This becomes a positive feedback loop. As you make more progress, it often gets easier to maintain your recovery.

16. Quiet Reflection

This coping strategy is a lot like meditation, but it can be more accessible. For example, meditation can be triggering for some trauma survivors.21 And even if you love to meditate, you might not be able to use this skill while you’re driving a car. 

Quietly reflecting on your own life helps you put recent events in perspective. Consider how far you’ve come in your recovery journey. What coping strategies are currently working for you, and what could use an update? 

Try letting your mind wander for a set period of time—like 10 minutes, or for however long it takes you to wash the dishes. Take notes on any revelations so you can share them with your therapist. Then, bring yourself back to the present moment. This practice can offer valuable insight, but it’s important not to get lost in thinking about your past. 

17. Practicing Gratitude

In certain stages of recovery, gratitude can help you sustain abstinence.22 Data shows that engaging in a regular practice of gratitude improves levels of satisfaction, optimism, and hope. It also improves sleep and reduces depressive symptoms. At first glance, the benefits seem endless. 

There’s one caveat here. Researchers note that if you’re still actively abusing alcohol, a gratitude practice may not help you recover. In fact, it can have the opposite effect. According to one study, “if the client does not want to change or is ambivalent about change, a gratitude practice might affirm what is good in life while currently drinking.”

Once you start treatment, writing about gratitude23 can be extremely helpful. This practice helps you focus on positive experiences, putting more energy into the things that bring you joy. It might also help you connect with other people, especially if you decide to share your writing.

18. Gardening

Gardening improves mental health,24 reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. It also helps people cope with ongoing stress. And because stress can increase your risk of alcohol relapse,25 this is extremely important for people in recovery. 

Caring for plants can also give you a sense of accomplishment. There’s nothing like eating a meal with vegetables you grew yourself. And if you join a community garden, you can use this hobby to build strong relationships. 

There are countless ways to relax without drinking. The important thing is to choose activities that resonate with you. When you genuinely enjoy what you’re doing, it becomes easier to stay present, instead of trying to escape through addiction.


Learn more about treatment at alcohol rehab centers to get the support you need in any stage of recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions About How to Relax Without Alcohol 

How can I relax without alcohol?

It’s entirely possible to relax without alcohol through various methods, such as deep breathing, mindful meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, physical activities, yoga, spending time in nature, and creative outlets like art and writing.

How does engaging in creative activities help in relaxing without alcohol?

Engaging in creative activities like painting, drawing, crafting, reading, and writing offers a therapeutic outlet for emotions and stress relief. These activities help you stay positive, improve your overall well-being, and support addiction recovery by promoting self-expression and diverting your focus from alcohol.

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23 Essential Facts About Alcohol Addiction

It can be hard to trust what you hear about alcohol addiction. And when you’re planning for recovery, you need to know exactly what you’re facing. These alcohol facts can help you make important decisions about treatment. 

1. Alcohol Addiction Is a Chronic Disease

Alcohol addiction is a chronic disease1 with serious, long-term health effects. This condition is also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD) or alcoholism. AUD is highly treatable and can go into long-term remission.

2. Alcohol Use Disorder Can Affect Anyone

Anyone can develop AUD, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and so on. Because alcohol is socially acceptable in most parts of the world, it can be hard to tell when your drinking gets out of hand. 

3. Alcohol Addiction Affects Nearly 30 Million People

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAA) tracks alcohol facts and statistics in the U.S. According to their most recent data, 28.6 million adults had alcohol use disorder2 in 2021. That’s 11.3% of everyone in the country aged 18 or older. 

4. Your Genetics, Environment, and Other Factors Can Lead to Alcohol Addiction

Many factors can make you vulnerable to alcohol addiction.3 For example, alcohol addiction tends to run in families. On the surface, that implies AUD is genetic. But this could also be an environmental issue, because childhood trauma increases your risk of addiction. Studies show that mental health issues like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression can also play a role. 

5. Long-Term Alcohol Abuse Has Serious Health Impacts

Over time, excessive drinking can cause severe physical health problems:4

  • Stroke
  • High blood pressure
  • Liver problems
  • Weakened immune system
  • Pancreatitis
  • Cancer

Alcohol abuse also increases your risk of developing mental health problems.5

6. Alcohol Addiction Gets Worse Over Time

For most people, alcohol use disorder is progressive.6 In other words, it gets worse over time. Without proper treatment, your alcohol addiction will likely get more severe. 

7. Alcohol Withdrawal Can Be Physically Dangerous

When you first quit drinking, you may develop some or all of the following alcohol withdrawal symptoms:7

  • High blood pressure
  • Sleep problems
  • Headache
  • Digestive issues
  • Hallucinations
  • Seizures
  • Delirium tremens

Without proper treatment, withdrawing from alcohol can be fatal. When you first enter recovery for AUD, it’s extremely important to get the medical care you need.

8. There Are Many Treatments for Alcohol Addiction

There are countless ways to heal from addiction. Rehab for alcohol addiction can include a combination of medical treatments, talk therapy, support groups, and other activities. Different programs offer various types of therapy. Some even develop individualized care plans for each client.

9. Alcohol Addiction Often Co-Occurs With Other Mental Health Disorders

Alcohol addiction commonly co-occurs with other mental health issues. People with AUD have higher rates of depression,8 anxiety, PTSD, and other substance use disorders. If you’re healing from multiple conditions at once, you will likely need specialized treatment.

10. Alcohol Use Disorder Has a High Relapse Rate

Relapse is a common part of alcohol addiction recovery. In one study, at least 60% of people with AUD relapsed9 within the first year of recovery. Certain risk factors — like clinical depression — make relapse more likely. On the other hand, having a strong support network reduces your risk of relapse.10 That could include a therapist, support groups, family, and trusted friends. Building out your support system is an essential part of healing. You can start this process during rehab by making a specific plan for aftercare.

11. Alcohol Addiction Affects Relationships

Alcohol abuse can profoundly affect your closest relationships, in every stage of addiction and recovery. While untreated AUD can severely impact whole families,11 treatment has the opposite effect. Experts say it’s impossible to separate alcohol addiction from family dynamics. That’s why many rehabs offer family therapy as a central part of treatment.

12. Alcohol Addiction Can Impact Cognitive Function

Drinking alcohol, and especially alcohol abuse, can interfere with brain function.12 Specifically, it interferes with memory, motor function, and judgment. These effects are worse for teenagers and for people with chronic, long-term addiction. 

13. Early Intervention Can Make a Huge Difference

Early intervention and treatment for alcohol addiction can significantly improve the chances of successful recovery.

14. Social Support Can Help You Recover

Social support is essential during recovery13 from alcohol addiction. A wealth of data shows that people with stronger relationships recover more quickly and completely. Your support network could include family, friends, colleagues, your care team, and members of a support group. Given the high success rate of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.), it might be a good place to start building your community.

15. Alcohol Addiction Is a Diagnosable Medical Condition

Despite the stigma surrounding addiction, healthcare professionals agree that AUD is a serious medical issue. The American Psychiatric Association (APA), for example, explains that people with alcohol addiction “have lost reliable control of their alcohol use.14 It doesn’t matter what kind of alcohol someone drinks or even how much: Alcohol-dependent people are often unable to stop drinking once they start.” If you have a diagnosis of AUD, you’ll probably need professional treatment to recover. 

16. Excessive Drinking Can Weaken Your Immune System

Heavy drinking can interfere with immune function.15 As a result, chronic alcohol abuse increases your risk of pneumonia, respiratory problems, liver disease, and certain types of cancer. People with AUD have a higher rate of complications after surgery and may heal from injuries more slowly.

17. Alcohol Addiction Harms Marginalized Communities

Anyone can abuse alcohol. However, some data shows that AUD disproportionally affects marginalized communities. For example, having less education and lower socioeconomic status greatly increases your risk of alcohol addiction.16 This is true regardless of genetics or family history. Other studies report that race also plays a role in AUD,17 and that Black communities are at greater risk. 

18. Binge Drinking May Increase Your Risk of Addiction

Recent studies show a link between binge drinking and alcohol addiction.18 We still need more information about how they relate. It could be true that binge drinking raises your risk of developing an addiction in the future. On the other hand, some say that binge drinking itself is a sign of addiction. If that’s the case, the act itself wouldn’t increase your risk of AUD. But either way, it can still qualify as alcohol abuse. If you binge drink regularly, you might consider getting treatment for alcohol addiction.

19. Relapse Is Not Failure

Relapse is a common part of recovery from alcohol addiction. It is not a sign of failure. When you think of AUD as a disease, it’s easier to make sense of this pattern. The National Institute of Health (NIH) compares addiction to other chronic conditions,19 like asthma and high blood pressure: “Relapse is common and similar across these illnesses. Therefore, substance use disorders should be treated like any other chronic illness. Relapse serves as a sign for resumed, modified, or new treatment.”

20. Underage Drinking Can Lead to Alcohol Addiction

Drinking as a teenager20 increases your risk of developing AUD as an adult. One study found that people who drank alcohol before age 15 were 3.5 times more likely to abuse alcohol. Underage drinking can also change or interfere with the way your brain develops. For teenagers with alcohol addiction, family therapy is usually an important part of treatment.

21. Integrated Treatment Can Help

If you have a mental health diagnosis in addition to AUD, it’s called dual diagnosis. Recovering from co-occurring disorders can be complex. Studies show that it’s most effective to treat mental health issues and addiction21 at the same time. By integrating different types of therapy, you can address the root cause of both issues simultaneously. Many residential rehabs use this holistic approach to treatment.

22. Chronic Alcohol Abuse Can Cause Brain Damage

Long-term alcohol addiction can lead to brain damage.22 This can occur in several different ways:

  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: This condition is a rare type of dementia. It affects people who drink so heavily, for such a long time, that they develop severe vitamin B-1 deficiencies. Symptoms include confusion, memory issues, poor judgment, hallucinations, and cognitive decline.
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Alcohol increases your risk of TBI, either due to accidents or aggressive behavior. Up to 81% of people with TBIs are intoxicated when they first sustain their injuries.
  • Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD):23 While ARBD mimics dementia, it has some key differences. For one thing, it usually doesn’t worse over time. This condition usually affects people in their 40s or 50s. With proper treatment, many patients can completely recover.

23. Different People Need Different Types of Treatment

There are many factors to consider when you’re planning recovery. For example, do you need to detox from alcohol before starting rehab? While you’re in treatment, will you need ongoing medical care? Are you interested in attending a faith-based program that follows the 12 Steps? There’s no right or wrong way to approach treatment, but it’s important to find a center that can meet your unique needs. 

Compare rehabs that treat alcohol addiction to find the right program for you.

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What Is Wellbriety?

Wellbriety is just what it sounds like — wellness and sobriety. The Wellbriety Movement supports Indigenous people in the process of addiction recovery. This holistic approach supports clients’ physical, mental, and spiritual healing.

Origins of the Wellbriety Movement

Don Coyhis, Mohican nation, founded the Wellbriety Movement in 1988.1 He began by teaching people the spiritual methods that helped him heal from alcohol addiction. Over time, these practices would help his daughter heal from meth addiction and grow into a nationwide movement empowering Indigenous communities.

How Is Wellbriety Different From Traditional Programs?

Wellbriety stands out from other recovery programs in several ways. This approach to recovery is open to Indigenous people nationwide. You can also learn from the movement’s published resources. 

These teachings are available through White Bison, a nonprofit organization Don Coyhis founded in the 1980s. Based in Colorado Springs, White Bison offers free in-person and online meetings. According to their website, this organization is “dedicated to creating and sustaining a grassroots Wellbriety Movement – providing culturally-based healing to the next seven generations of Indigenous People.” 

Coyhis’ philosophy marries several different traditions. For example, members of the Wellbriety Movement follow the Medicine Wheel 12 Steps.2 This framework combines Indigenous spiritual beliefs with the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous.

White Bison and the Wellbriety Movement address an urgent need. While drug and alcohol addiction, trauma, and mental health issues can affect anyone, they’re especially prevalent in Indigenous communities. The Red Road, another nonprofit supporting Native communities, notes the scope of this problem: “Despite only representing 2% of the U.S. population, Native Americans have the highest rates of alcohol,3 marijuana, cocaine, and hallucinogen use disorders and the second highest methamphetamine abuse rates.”

Cultural Values

Wellbriety encourages people to heal from addictions by committing to shared cultural values. Many of White Bison’s principles4 direct communities to support each other. For example, they believe that “healing will take place through the application of cultural and spiritual knowledge.” This and other principles inform their holistic approach. In recovery, members come into alignment with themselves, their communities, and the natural world. 

Spiritual Focus

Spirituality is central to the Wellbriety Movement. Members believe in a Supreme Being and follow the teachings of community leaders. Many Wellbriety practices honor the Sacred Hoop, which holds great spiritual significance. In 1995, Indigenous Elders met in a sweat lodge and formed it out of a sapling. Since that time, the Sacred Hoop has traveled more than 200,000 miles around the U.S., connecting White Bison leaders with Indigenous communities.

Physical and Mental Health

Wellbriety encompasses both physical and mental health. Certain activities address both these goals at the same time. For instance, several studies show that drumming has powerful physical and emotional benefits.5 Partly for that reason, Wellbriety meetings often include drum circles.6 This practice also has spiritual meaning.

Wellbriety and the 4 Laws of Change 

Among other principles, the Wellbriety Movement follows 4 laws of change.7 Coyhis received these laws from an Elder in the 1980s. Today, they are pillars of White Bison’s work. 

1. Change Is From Within

This law, Coyhis explains, “means that we must have an internal desire to make changes in our lives.” Only the person with an addiction can commit to recovery. That commitment can’t come from a loved one, or even from your whole community. But when you cultivate an inner desire to heal, you can accomplish remarkable things.

2. In Order for Development To Occur It Must Be Preceded by a Vision

Members of the Wellbriety Movement begin by imagining what their lives would be like without substance abuse. As Coyhis puts it, “What would our lives, our community, or our nation look like if it were working in a good way?” This question invites people to start dreaming about a better future. Once you have a clear vision of your best possible life, you can start bringing it into reality. 

3. A Great Learning Must Take Place

This law frames the healing process as a communal effort. Coyhis says that recovery “must include the individual, the family, the community, and the nation acting as an integrated whole.” In most addiction treatment programs, holistic recovery combines the different aspects of the self. Wellbriety takes this a step further, seeking to integrate personal wellness with communal growth. 

4. You Must Create a Healing Forest

When it comes to addiction and mental health recovery, your environment is essential. Members of the Wellbriety Movement understand this through the metaphor of the healing forest:8

Imagine a forest of damaged, dying trees. The sickness is in the air, the soil, and the water supply. It’s all around them. You notice one tree that seems especially unwell. You dig it up, move it, and plant it in rich soil. You give it water and sunlight and plant food, and it starts to thrive. When it’s ready, you bring it back to the original forest and replant it. Does that one tree heal the rest of the forest? No, of course not. Back in an unsupportive environment, it just gets sick again. 

The forest is a metaphor for the way addiction, poverty, and intergenerational trauma affect Indigenous communities. White Bison teaches that while one person going to rehab or attending therapy can help, it’s not enough. Entire groups of people have to commit to recovering together, supporting each other throughout a complex healing process.

Find Additional Resources and Support for Addiction Recovery

White Bison supports Indigenous communities9 around the country. The nonprofit also trains and certifies residential centers in Indigenous treatment methods. If the Wellbriety Movement resonates with you, look for a rehab that offers this approach to recovery.

Start your healing journey in a rehab that honors your culture.

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How Long Does Alcohol Poisoning Last? Symptoms, Timeline & Treatment

When you drink more than your body can handle, you might start wondering, “How long does alcohol poisoning last?” The short answer is, it’s different for everyone. But a few factors can make it easier or harder to get through alcohol poisoning. Learn what to expect, and how to know when you need medical attention. 

What Is Alcohol Poisoning?

Alcohol poisoning is another term for alcohol overdose.1 At first, it can look or feel like a person is just drunk and relaxed. But the signs of overdose can sneak up on you, with very serious consequences. 

When someone has too much to drink, they may start slurring their words or vomiting. Often, alcohol poisoning makes you lose consciousness. If you see someone develop these symptoms while drinking, they may need medical attention. 

Alcohol overdose occurs when a person’s blood alcohol content (BAC) gets too high. While your BAC is related to the amount you drink, it’s not identical. Your height, weight, alcohol tolerance, and hydration levels can all affect how quickly you get drunk. 

If your BAC gets high enough, alcohol poisoning can be life-threatening. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), a blood alcohol level of 0.31% carries a “significant risk of death in most drinkers due to suppression of vital life functions.” 

For example, choking is one of the greatest dangers of alcohol poisoning. Overdose can make you lose consciousness and vomit, possibly at the same time. It also inhibits your gag reflex. If you start to vomit in your sleep, you risk asphyxiation. This experience can cause permanent brain damage, and it can be fatal.

Duration of Alcohol Poisoning Symptoms

Several factors can affect how long alcohol stays in your system. According to the California Department of Beverage Control, these aspects of health influence the way your body processes alcohol:2

  • Gender
  • BMI
  • Prescription medications
  • Altitude
  • Energy levels
  • How recently you ate
  • How much you drink
  • Which types of alcohol you drink
  • How quickly you drink

On average, your liver processes the equivalent of 1 standard drink an hour. But that’s just an estimate. And there’s a chance your symptoms will get worse before they get better. That’s because it takes time for alcohol to take effect. If you notice symptoms while you’re still drinking, they may intensify as your body processes the rest of the alcohol you consumed.

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol Poisoning

Alcohol is considered a drug because it has an impact on the way your body functions. Specifically, alcohol depresses your central nervous system.3 That means it can slow down breathing and other essential involuntary activities.

Like any other type of drug overdose, alcohol poisoning has dangerous short-term effects:4

  • Vomiting
  • Confusion
  • Disorientation
  • Clammy skin
  • Trouble breathing
  • Low heart rate
  • Low body temperature
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Lack of motor control, including the gag reflex
  • Seizures

Alcohol is a diuretic,5 meaning it affects the way your body processes water. Excessive drinking can cause dehydration, which has additional symptoms:

  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Delerium

Seeking Medical Attention for Alcohol Poisoning

If you or someone near you is showing signs of alcohol overdose, call 911 immediately.

There are many popular misconceptions about alcohol overdose.6 But the NIAAA urges people to trust medical experts instead of trying folk remedies: 

“Do not wait for the person to have all the symptoms, and be aware that a person who has passed out can die. Don’t play doctor—cold showers, hot coffee, and walking do not reverse the effects of alcohol overdose and could actually make things worse.”

When first responders arrive, they’ll probably ask several questions:

  • How much did the person have to drink?
  • How many hours ago did they start drinking?
  • Have they taken any other drugs?
  • Are they taking any medications?
  • Do they have any health issues?

They’ll also perform a quick exam, and probably take the person to the hospital. Treatment for acute alcohol poisoning7 usually includes IV fluids and airway protection to make sure they continue breathing.

Recovery Process and Aftercare

It can take many hours to detox from alcohol. Data shows that every time you have a drink, your blood alcohol levels increase quickly,8 peaking about an hour later. Then your BAC goes back down slowly over the next 4 hours. But that’s true for every drink you have—so if you drink a lot in one night, you could experience several of these peaks in a row. 

This data describes the average person, so your experience may be different. Medical attention may or may not speed up the recovery process. 

After the alcohol clears from your system, you may feel better right away. No matter how you feel, it’s important to follow up with a medical professional a few days later. Arrive for that appointment clear-headed and ready to talk about your health. They may need to share medical information about what happened while you were intoxicated. They might also need to officially evaluate you for signs of alcohol addiction.

Prevention of Alcohol Poisoning

To avoid alcohol poisoning, experts recommend you have no more than 1 drink per hour.9 You can alternate between alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, or alcohol and water. 

It’s also important to know your limits. If you’re not feeling well, or you haven’t eaten all day, your alcohol tolerance might be lower than usual. There’s no need to “keep up with” the people around you if they’re drinking more heavily. Your body’s limits might just be different from theirs. 

If and when you do drink, you can take certain actions to minimize risks. For example, you can make a plan for how you’ll get home at the end of the night. Choose a designated driver or budget to take a rideshare. Never drive after you’ve been drinking. And if possible, travel with a friend so you can each make sure the other gets home safely. 

Long-Term Effects and Risks of Alcohol Poisoning

Experts say that repeated alcohol poisoning can “interfere with brain development,”10 especially for teens. While one episode of alcohol overdose may seem like no big deal, this pattern can quickly spiral out of control.

Regular binge drinking increases your risk of alcohol addiction.11 This condition can have very serious effects. For example, excessive drinking can damage your internal organs12 over time. It can also undermine your relationships, career goals, and mental health. 

If you’re concerned about alcohol addiction, it’s never too early to start recovery. Treatment can help you address the root cause of your behavior and not just the symptoms. This approach helps clients find long-term recovery from alcohol abuse.

Drink Smarter, Not Harder

Alcohol poisoning is a type of drug overdose. It has dangerous short-term effects, and can even be life-threatening. Repeated alcohol overdoses can cause addiction, organ damage, and other serious health problems. 

If you think someone has alcohol poisoning, don’t wait to be sure—get help right away. Immediate medical attention could save their life. To learn more about how to drink responsibly, you can check out these free resources: 

Some people can learn to drink safely. Others are at a greater risk of addiction. Your genetics, family history of drinking, and other factors can all play a role. Despite your best efforts, you might still need help recovering from alcohol abuse. 


Connect with a rehab for alcohol addiction to get the support you need.

Frequently Asked Questions About Alcohol Poisoning 

What is alcohol poisoning and how long does it last?

Alcohol poisoning, also known as alcohol overdose, occurs when someone consumes a dangerous amount of alcohol, leading to severe symptoms. The duration of alcohol poisoning varies, influenced by factors such as the person’s alcohol tolerance, body weight, and hydration levels. It’s a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

What are the short-term effects of alcohol poisoning?

Alcohol poisoning depresses the central nervous system, causing symptoms like vomiting, confusion, low heart rate, and loss of consciousness. It can also lead to dangerous complications such as choking and breathing difficulties. If someone shows these symptoms while drinking, it may indicate alcohol poisoning and means they need prompt medical intervention.

How can alcohol poisoning be prevented?

To prevent alcohol poisoning, experts recommend consuming no more than 1 drink per hour and knowing your limits. Alternating between alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages can help. If you’re concerned about alcohol addiction, seeking early treatment can help prevent long-term health risks and complications.

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What Is End-Stage Alcoholism?

End-stage alcoholism is the result of many years of alcohol addiction. Without treatment, alcohol abuse and alcoholism can cause severe physical and mental health problems. The longer you spend drinking heavily, the greater your risk of this condition. 

If you’re facing serious health problems because of your drinking, you probably need medical attention. You might also benefit from talk therapy or behavioral treatments to help you recover from addiction. Many of these treatments are available in residential rehab centers.

Diagnosis of End-Stage Alcoholism

Alcohol use disorder, or AUD, is one of the most common mental health issues1 in the U.S. This condition is a chronic, progressive disease. In some cases, it can even be fatal. But that doesn’t always happen right away. Before you can develop late-stage alcoholism, you’ll show much earlier signs of AUD.

Defining Alcohol Addiction

Addiction to alcohol goes beyond regular social drinking. People with AUD continue to drink in spite of alcohol’s negative impact on the rest of their lives. If you’re concerned you might have an alcohol dependency, you can get a diagnosis from an addiction expert. 

The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), lists 11 specific criteria for alcohol addiction.2 These symptoms apply to the early stages of addiction as well as late-stage alcoholism. They include, but aren’t limited to, the following:

  • Spending excessive time obtaining, using, and then recovering from alcohol
  • Repeated incidents where drinking interferes with your career, schooling, or family life
  • Continuing to drink even though you’re aware of the negative physical, emotional, and social effects of alcohol
  • Failed attempts to reduce or quit drinking
  • Withdrawal symptoms when you try to stop drinking

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, or others listed in the DSM-5, you may have alcohol addiction. And if you’ve had them for many years, you may be approaching late-stage alcoholism. 

Reaching End-Stage Alcohol Addiction

While “end-stage alcoholism” is not an official diagnosis, it refers to a clear phase of this condition. People in this stage have fit the criteria for AUD for a long time. 

When you have late-stage alcohol addiction, your drinking causes increasingly severe problems. You’ll probably need ongoing medical care for worsening health issues. You might even show new neurological symptoms. 

By definition, end-stage alcoholism is life-threatening. While you can sometimes recover from this phase of addiction, you may require intensive treatment. 

How Long Does End-Stage Alcoholism Last Before Death?

The short answer is—it depends. End-stage alcoholism usually includes at least 1 serious health problem, like liver disease or neurological issues. Each of these conditions has a unique prognosis. Some are even curable. Your care team can give you more specific information about what to expect. If you’re wondering whether it’s time to get treatment, there are a few symptoms you can look for.

What Are the Symptoms of End-Stage Alcoholism?

If drinking has been a big part of your life for a long time, any of these symptoms could indicate late-stage alcoholism:3

  • Yellowing skin (jaundice)
  • Swollen legs or feet
  • Fever
  • Shaking
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Digestive problems
  • Bruising easily
  • Lower alcohol tolerance
  • Dementia4
  • Low blood pressure
  • Poor muscle coordination
  • Tremor
  • Memory issues
  • Heart problems5
  • Trouble breathing

These symptoms could indicate a variety of serious health conditions. Some of them can also affect people who don’t drink. However, drinking can increase your risk of both severe and mild health issues. The CDC explains that alcohol abuse weakens your immune system,5 “increasing the chances of getting sick.”

What Are the Health Effects of End-Stage Alcoholism?

Long-term, chronic alcohol abuse can cause many severe health problems. While some of these issues can be managed or cured, continuing to drink will make them worse. If your alcohol addiction leads to any of these diagnoses, your care plan should include treatment for AUD.

Cirrhosis

The liver is responsible for filtering blood,6 removing toxins like alcohol and drugs. Excessive drinking puts a strain on this organ. Over time, alcohol abuse causes liver disease:7 

  • Stage 1: Fatty Liver Disease is the accumulation of fat in the liver.
  • Stage 2: Hepatitis includes inflammation of the liver cells. This disease is reversible with immediate treatment, including total abstinence from drinking. Without proper care, it can cause liver failure.
  • Stage 3: Cirrhosis is permanent scarring of the liver. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) refer to this condition as “the end-stage of liver disease.”


With cirrhosis, scar tissue takes the place of normal liver cells.8 As a result, the liver can’t function correctly. Cirrhosis causes digestive issues9 and skin problems, and can even affect your mental health.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

It can be hard to recognize Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome10 because it shares symptoms with other mental health issues. It often mimics early-onset dementia. But in fact, this condition is a combination of 2 different diagnoses:

  • Wernicke’s encephalopathy is a severe vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency that damages certain regions of the brain. This condition can cause confusion, low blood pressure, and hypothermia. It can also interfere with vision and muscle control.
  • Korsakoff syndrome also includes a B1 deficiency, but this disease almost always results from AUD. Its primary symptoms are amnesia and confusion. It can also cause tremors and vision problems.

With intensive medical care, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is somewhat treatable. However, experts at the NIH say that “improvement in memory function is slow and, usually, incomplete. Without treatment, these disorders can be disabling and life-threatening.”

Pancreatitis

Alcohol abuse can lead to acute or chronic pancreatitis.11 This is a necro-inflammatory disease, meaning that it irritates and then destroys pancreatic tissue. Data shows that AUD causes up to 25% of all cases of pancreatitis.

This condition causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and the inability to eat. It can also cause jaundice. There are no widely accepted medications for this disease. Instead, treatment involves managing your most severe symptoms. For example, if you’re unable to eat, you might receive nutrients through an IV. 

Acute pancreatitis can resolve with proper care. Continuing to drink, however, can cause repeat attacks. Over time these generally lead to chronic pancreatitis, which is a much more serious condition. 

Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

Drinking has a complex effect on heart health. Some research shows that alcohol abuse raises your risk of heart problems12 including arrhythmia, heart attack, and congestive heart failure. Other studies report that drinking may protect against some common symptoms of heart disease.13 We need more data to understand the big picture. 

However, the data about alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is clear. This heart condition is always caused by alcohol abuse.14 In acute cases, drinking large amounts of alcohol inflames the heart tissue, which can cause arrhythmia. Chronic ACM can damage multiple major organs. This disease can mimic congestive heart failure, and so be difficult to diagnose. The primary treatment is abstinence from alcohol. 

Cancer

The CDC puts it very simply: “The less alcohol you drink, the lower your risk for cancer.”15 Drinking increases everyone’s risk of mouth, throat, liver, and colon cancer, and women’s risk of breast cancer. Some data suggests it might also increase the risk of prostate, stomach, and pancreatic cancer. 

Quitting alcohol lowers your cancer risk,16 but not immediately. Data shows that it can take years or even decades for your risk to return to what it was before. If you already have cancer, drinking might also interfere with treatment. 

What Are the Treatments for End-Stage Alcoholism?

Late-stage alcoholism looks a little different for everyone. You could have one or many of the diseases that often appear in this phase of AUD. And for every illness, different people have different symptoms. Your exact diagnosis and recovery goals will determine your treatment plan.

It’s important to be realistic about your prognosis. With patience and commitment, some people can fully recover. However, that’s not an option for everyone. Some of these health issues are irreversible. Talk to the experts at your center to learn about your specific options. Whatever conditions you’re facing, addiction recovery is almost certainly an important part of treatment. 

Medical Detox

If you have a physical dependence on alcohol, it’s essential to start recovery with medical detox. Without the right medical care, alcohol withdrawal can be fatal.17

Detox programs can last anywhere from a few days to a couple of weeks. You’ll work with a team of doctors, nurses, and therapists during treatment. They may prescribe non-addictive medications to help with the physical and emotional symptoms of withdrawal. Many centers offer 24/7 care to help you navigate this difficult time.

Withdrawal is just the first step of addiction recovery. Most programs require patients to plan for longer-term treatment before they begin detox. Usually, that means signing up for a residential rehab program.

Residential Rehab

To recover from late-stage alcohol addiction, you’ll need a rehab program that offers medical care. Most people in this phase need to heal from both emotional and physical symptoms. In the right treatment center, you can work toward multiple goals at the same time.

Residential treatment usually lasts at least a few weeks to a month, but it can take longer. If you need more structured support after rehab, you’ll have several options for aftercare. For example, you could attend an intensive outpatient program (IOP) or move to a sober living home. 

When drinking is such a large part of your routine, it can take time to build a sober life you love. Initially, rehab might be your response to a medical emergency. But while you’re there, you’ll also get to practice new coping skills. During and after treatment, those skills will help you navigate a more sustainable lifestyle. 

Ongoing Medical Care

If you have a chronic medical condition due to alcohol abuse—like cirrhosis—you may need long-term medical treatment. This could include medications, regular doctor visits, or other medical interventions. 

For many of these conditions, doctors recommend permanent sobriety. Timothy Morgan, MD, explains that “Cessation of alcohol is necessary18 to treat alcoholic liver disease.” And even with total abstinence, you might experience some chronic symptoms. Before you leave rehab, talk to your care team and make a plan for your ongoing treatment.

Support Groups

In any stage of addiction and recovery, social support can help you heal from AUD.19 This is especially important for people with end-stage alcoholism. After many years of alcohol abuse, your addiction can take a toll on your relationships. Treatment might help you reconnect with loved ones or get to know new people. 

Some clients achieve this in family therapy. You can also use the 12-Step approach to addiction recovery. Many rehabs use this framework in all aspects of treatment, including talk therapy and other activities. You can also find free AA Meetings all over the world, and even online. If you find the 12 Steps helpful during treatment, you can keep going to meetings after you leave rehab.

Find Effective Treatment for Alcoholism

End-stage alcohol addiction can impact every part of your life. If you’re dealing with a combination of mental health problems, physical symptoms, and relationship issues, it can be hard to conceive of recovery. That’s where rehab comes in. 


Connect with a rehab for alcoholism to start planning a better future.

Frequently Asked Questions About End-Stage Alcoholism

What are the health effects of end-stage alcoholism?

Prolonged alcohol abuse in end-stage alcoholism can lead to severe health issues, including cirrhosis (liver scarring), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (brain disorder), pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation), alcoholic cardiomyopathy (heart damage), cancer, and more. Late-stage alcoholism requires comprehensive medical care, detox, rehab, and ongoing support to manage these conditions and recover from addiction.

What are the treatment options for end-stage alcoholism?

Treatment for end-stage alcoholism can involve various approaches. Medical detox, essential for addressing physical dependence, is often the first step. Residential rehab programs provide comprehensive care for physical and emotional symptoms. Ongoing medical attention, including medications and doctor visits, is crucial for chronic conditions. Support groups, such as 12-Step programs, aid in the recovery journey, especially in rebuilding relationships strained by prolonged alcohol abuse. Connecting with a rehab center is essential for effective treatment planning and building a better future.

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What Is THC-O? Understanding the Risks

THC-O is one of many new cannabis products. Since it’s so different from other types of marijuana, like THC and CBD, you might wonder what THC-O is in the first place. Is it safe, regulated, or even legal? And can it lead to addiction?

All drugs can potentially lead to addiction—even marijuana. To keep yourself safe, you can learn more about THC-O and how it works. 

THC-O vs. THC

You may have heard of THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol,1 the chemical compound in marijuana that gets you high. THC-O, also called THC-O acetate,2 is a synthetic compound similar to THC. 

Compared to some of the natural compounds in cannabis, THC-O produces profound psychoactive effects. THC-O is almost 3 times stronger than regular THC. People who use THC-O call it a “spiritual cannabinoid.”3 Some also use it for anxiety, nausea, sleep, and pain management.

How Long Does It Take For THC-O to Kick In?

The onset time of THC-O varies depending on several factors, including your metabolism, dosage, method of consumption, and tolerance. According to an analysis of social media discussions on THC-O,4 “Multiple users reported a relatively lengthy onset of effects and/or a lengthy duration of effects:” 

‘Thco also takes ab 45 mins to fully hit you n last considerably longer than thc.’

‘Takes an hour to fully kick in then for me the high lasts several hours’ 

‘The high from thc-o lasts SIGNIFICANTLY longer than d8/even d9. like, way longer.’ 

THC-O typically takes longer to kick in when you ingest it orally (via edibles or capsules) compared to inhalation methods like smoking or vaping. That’s because digestion through your GI tract takes longer than absorption through your lungs, which happens rapidly. Onset time can also vary depending on the specific product. 

How Is THC-O Made?

THC-O doesn’t occur naturally in marijuana. Instead, manufacturers derive THC-O from hemp plants. This chemical process takes place in a lab: 

  1. Manufacturers extract CBD, a naturally occurring cannabinoid, from the hemp plant.
  2. Next, they use special equipment to extract Delta-8 THC, another synthetic compound. 
  3. Finally, they add a highly flammable chemical—acetic anhydride—directly to the Delta-8 THC molecules. This results in THC-O. 

Is THC-O Safe?

THC-O is relatively new, and scientists are still gathering data to determine if it’s safe. But some studies paint an alarming picture. 

The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) warns against THC-O.5 According to their website, this compound “has never been tested for safety in human studies.” But the little data we have suggests that THC-O can cause serious health problems.6 For example, THC-O vapes often include toxic chemicals. These additives can cause lung injuries and digestive issues. 

Research on other synthetic cannabinoids7 like Delta-8 THC and Delta-9 THC further points to the potential dangers of THC-O. Studies link these cannabinoids to psychosis, chronic vomiting, and addiction when used at high concentrations.

The Risks of THC-O

The potential risks of THC-O are unclear8 for a few reasons. The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp at a federal level, opening the door for hemp products like THC-O. The DEA only designated THC-O as a controlled substance in 2023. 

With this lack of regulation, there’s no standard procedure for producing THC-O. So its strength and quality vary drastically depending on how it’s made. When you try a new THC-O product, there’s no way to predict whether it’s safe. 

What Are the Side Effects of THC-O?

The side effects of synthetic cannabinoids9 can be unpredictable and dangerous. While we still need more data, current research points to several side effects of THC-O. 

Hallucinations

Some experts call THC-O a psychedelic drug,10 much like LSD or psilocybin. It’s so powerful that, according to the Chicago Sun Times, the military once researched it as a “nonlethal incapacitating agent.” In high doses THC-O may produce hallucinations, making you see, hear, or feel things that aren’t there. 

Dizziness

Many synthetic cannabinoids can make you dizzy.11 THC-O is no exception. This can make it dangerous to work, drive, or engage in other routine activities. 

Sedation

Many people use cannabis products to improve their sleep. And in moderation, THC-O might help you relax. But if you take too much, you might fall asleep by accident or sleep longer than you intended. And with unregulated drugs like THC-O, that’s easy to do. You might not know how strong it is until you feel its effects.

Vomiting

Overconsumption of cannabis—and most drugs—can make you sick to your stomach. Since THC-O has stronger effects than natural cannabinoids, these symptoms are likely to be more intense.

Paranoia

Like many cannabinoids, THC-O can bring on severe anxiety and paranoia, especially when you take too much. Paranoia, in turn, can affect other aspects of your mental health. For example, some data shows a link between paranoia and low self-esteem.12

The laws surrounding this drug are complicated at best. For example, in the U.S., THC-O is illegal at the federal level.13 However, it may be legal in some states that permit recreational marijuana use. Since THC-O doesn’t naturally occur in hemp plants, federal law enforcement officials have classified it as a Schedule 1 drug. In other words, THC-O is a federally controlled substance.

Understanding THC-O

With so much uncertainty about THC-O it’s hard to weigh the risks of this new chemical. It’s also important to account for your personal health history. For example, if you know you’re vulnerable to addiction, this drug could be even more dangerous. 

Browse rehabs that treat marijuana addiction to learn about their treatment approaches, insurance options, and more. 

Frequently Asked Questions About THC-O

What is THC-O and how does it differ from THC and CBD?

THC-O, or THC-O acetate, is a synthetic compound similar to THC found in marijuana. It produces profound psychoactive effects and is almost 3 times stronger than regular THC. While THC and CBD are natural compounds, THC-O is a synthetic drug.

Is THC-O strong?

THC-O is significantly stronger than regular THC. It produces profound psychoactive effects and is almost 3 times stronger than regular THC. However, the strength of THC-O can vary depending on the specific product, as there’s no standardized procedure for its production.

Is THC-O safe and legal?

THC-O is a relatively new substance, and its safety is still being studied. However, data suggests significant health risks, including lung injuries and digestive issues from toxic chemicals often found in THC-O vapes. THC-O is illegal at the federal level in the United States, classified as a Schedule 1 controlled substance. Its legality may vary in states that allow recreational marijuana use.

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What Is an IOP: Questions and Answers

In the context of mental health, IOP stands for “intensive outpatient program.” But what does that phrase mean? What is an IOP, after all?

IOPs offer more intensive care than weekly therapy sessions, but more flexibility than inpatient rehab. These programs are a great option for many people—but are they right for you? This guide can help you decide whether an IOP would be a good fit. 

What Is an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP)?

Intensive outpatient care is an approach to addiction1 or mental health recovery. In an IOP, patients live off-site but attend therapy during the day. Unlike inpatient treatment, this approach lets you go about your life while you heal. You can go to work or school, see friends, and even live at home. 

During the program, you’ll work with several mental health and addiction specialists. You might also attend classes to learn important life skills. Some IOPs include recreational activities, like going to the beach or seeing a movie.

IOPs can also serve as transitional care after you finish residential treatment, but before you return home. In that case, you might stay in a sober living home during the program.

Who Is a Good Fit for an IOP?

IOPs are a common treatment option2 for many mental health issues. They’re especially effective for certain diagnoses: 

  • Addiction
  • Personality disorders
  • Eating disorders

However, your diagnosis isn’t the only thing that determines what type of treatment you need. IOPs might be a good fit for several types of clients:

  • People whose insurance won’t cover residential treatment
  • Those with ongoing work, school, or family commitments
  • People with strong support networks outside of the program

IOPs aren’t right for everyone. Certain people require more intensive treatment:

  • Patients with severe mental health symptoms, like suicidal ideation
  • Clients just entering addiction treatment who need medical care during withdrawal
  • People without strong community support

Like residential rehab, every IOP for mental health is different. It’s important to look for a program that aligns with your unique needs and goals. 

How Do IOPs Work?

Most IOPs offer several different services:3

  • Case management
  • Talk therapy
  • Behavioral therapy
  • Family therapy
  • Group therapy
  • Support groups
  • Medical care
  • Psychiatry
  • Recreational activities
  • Life skills classes
  • 24-hour crisis intervention services

For adult clients, IOPs include at least 9 hours of treatment per week.4 For teens, they include a minimum of 6 weekly hours. Beyond those thresholds, the exact number of treatment hours varies widely. 

The length of your treatment depends on your progress. Many IOPs last 12-16 weeks. However, you can choose to end treatment early or stay in the program longer.

What Can I Expect in an IOP?

Assessment

You’ll begin your IOP with a comprehensive health assessment.5 Your provider will use this information to design a care plan that meets your needs. 

In the assessment and planning process, you may work closely with a case manager. They’ll determine which services you need, and organize your schedule. They might match you with a therapist, enroll you in life skills classes, or connect you with other service providers outside the program. 

Building a Support Network

If you live at home during your IOP, you’ll have more access to friends and family than you would during inpatient rehab. And if you live in group housing, you’ll be close to other people in recovery. To maximize the benefits of these environments, IOPs encourage clients to build strong relationships.6 

You can achieve this in a few ways. For instance, you might attend family therapy or join a support group. You can also practice your new coping skills in the context of work, school, and friendships outside the program.

Aftercare

Experts at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) note that IOPs “should not be the sole approach for any client;7 instead, they need to be one step along a continuum of care.” During initial treatment, your care team will help you plan for what comes next. 

The transition out of an IOP may be less jarring than the end of inpatient treatment. While your schedule will change, you won’t have to move right away. You can stay in touch with your immediate support network, including members of your care team and other people who attended the program. 

What Is an IOP for Substance Use or Addiction Treatment?

IOPs for addiction typically include specialized services:

  • 12-Step meetings like Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and similar
  • Medication-assisted treatment (MAT)8 for opioid addiction
  • Relapse prevention planning
  • Education about the consequences of substance abuse

Although IOPs can treat addiction, this type of care has an extra level of risk. When you first enter recovery, you might not have a strong support network. Or, you might have close relationships with people who encourage you to use drugs. If you live at home throughout treatment, maintaining those relationships can increase your risk of relapse.9 

You don’t have to begin recovery with an IOP. For example, you might attend a medical detox program or inpatient treatment center first. In that case, an IOP might be part of your stepped-down care plan. This approach gives you time to kickstart recovery before you begin rebuilding your community at home.

What Is an IOP for Mental Health?

In an IOP for mental health, you can live at home while you attend intensive treatment. These programs connect you with mental health experts and with other patients who understand some part of your experience. You may not have the same diagnosis as the people around you, but you can still share mutual support. 

IOPs for mental health may focus on a specific therapy, instead of using a wide range of treatments. For example, people with personality or mood disorders often benefit from dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT).10 If you’re healing from one of these conditions, you can look for a more specialized treatment program.

Are IOPs and PHPs the Same?

IOPs and partial hospitalization programs (PHPs) are 2 different types of treatment. The key difference between them is the amount of time patients spend in therapy. PHPs offer more intensive care,11 including at least 20 weekly treatment hours. 

Despite their differences, PHPs and IOPs have a lot in common:

  • Patients live off-site, so they have more freedom than they would in residential rehab.
  • Treatment is usually more affordable than residential care.
  • Clients can attend several different types of therapy.

Benefits and Advantages of IOPs

Unlike inpatient care, IOPs allow you to integrate your treatment experience into your daily life. This approach has several advantages:

  • Flexibility: You don’t have to step away from work, school, or family commitments to start recovery.
  • Accessibility: Some insurance plans will cover IOPs but not residential treatment, making them financially accessible to more clients. IOPs tend to be more affordable than PHPs.
  • Ease of transition: Many residential rehabs also offer IOPs, meaning you can easily step down your care after completing inpatient treatment.
  • Social support: You can maintain long-term relationships with loved ones throughout treatment.
  • Discretion: IOPs make it easier to keep your recovery private. You can continue living at home, going to work, and attending social functions while you heal.

Are IOPs Effective? Evidence and Success Rates

Data shows that IOPs are as effective as residential care12 for people with addiction. In both approaches, 50-70% of patients maintain abstinence after treatment. 

Both residential care and IOPs may be less effective13 for people with co-occurring disorders or physical health issues. For these patients, experts recommend attending an IOP in addition to more intensive treatment.14 

These programs can also have positive side effects that go beyond their primary goals. One anonymous client explains how treatment in an IOP empowered her to support her community:15 

“If I were to tell myself from a few months ago how much we’ve changed, I’m not even sure that she’d believe me. It gives a hope that I haven’t had in a long time and I couldn’t be more grateful for the family I created here. And with everything I’ve learnt, I’ve also been able to tell my friends who are also going through hard times some of the things I’ve learnt and they really liked them!”

How to Find an Intensive Outpatient Program

As you research IOPs, remember that every program is unique. You can choose a center based on your unique needs. To start your search, consider a few criteria:

  • Location 
  • Types of therapy the program offers
  • Specific diagnoses the center treats
  • Length of treatment
  • Insurance options
  • Total cost

Many insurance plans will cover this type of treatment. Because IOPs don’t provide round-the-clock care, they’re often less expensive than other programs. 

IOPs are available at nearly 50% of all addiction treatment centers16 in the U.S. Whether you’re looking for a program near your home, your residential rehab, or somewhere else, there are plenty of options available. 

Is an IOP Right for Me?

IOPs can help you recover from addiction and many mental health issues. However, they’re not for everyone. To determine whether an IOP might be a good fit, you can start by responding to a few questions: 

  • Do you have a strong support network at home?
  • Do you have any ongoing medical needs?
  • When you start recovery, will you need to go through withdrawal?
  • Do you have any co-occurring mental health diagnoses?
  • How severe are your mental health symptoms?
  • What additional types of treatment options are you planning to try?

Your answers will help you prepare to speak with an expert. Contact an intensive outpatient program to find out if this type of treatment meets your needs.

Frequently Asked Questions About Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOPs)

Are IOPs confidential?

Yes—to some degree. Your care team is legally bound by privacy laws. However, the administration may disclose some information to your insurance provider if they’re covering your treatment. What’s more, the other patients in your program aren’t obligated to keep anything confidential. And if you all live in the same area, you may even have mutual friends. While providers may encourage clients to respect each other’s privacy, they can’t control what happens outside of treatment.

What types of insurance do IOPS accept?

It depends on your program. Talk to your provider’s admissions team to learn about your options. The good news is that most insurance plans cover some amount of addiction treatment. And because these programs are less expensive than residential treatment, insurers are even more likely to cover IOPs.

Can I attend an IOP via telehealth?

Some providers are experimenting with remote IOPs. Preliminary research suggests that this type of treatment might be effective. However, we need more data to know for sure. Because telehealth is so new, it’s hard to predict what its effects will be in the long term.

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How to Pay for Drug and Alcohol Rehab: A Comprehensive Guide

Figuring out how you’ll pay for rehab might seem like a challenge. Finances can be a burden or even a barrier to addiction treatment. But there are many ways to afford the care you need, from health insurance to loans. Learning more about your options can empower you to take the next step on your recovery journey.

Health Insurance Options for Drug and Alcohol Rehab 

All health insurance companies must cover addiction treatment1 to some extent. As a result, health insurance is one of the most popular ways to pay for rehab.2 Your exact coverage will depend on several factors, including your insurance company, your specific plan, and your health history. 

Common Health Insurance Plans

Health insurance companies typically offer multiple tiers of coverage.3 There are 2 especially common types of insurance plans: 

  • Health maintenance organization (HMO) plans cover services from providers in your care network. 
  • Preferred provider organization (PPO) plans have you pay less for providers in your network. Unlike HMOs, PPOs also let you use out-of-network providers for an additional cost. 

In-Network vs. Out-Of-Network Providers

A network is a group of providers4 that your insurance company contracts with, who offer their services at a set fee. But you’re not required to choose providers from that network: 

  • In-network providers will normally accept your insurance to cover addiction treatment. However, your plan may or may not cover the specific therapies you need.
  • Out-of-network providers don’t contract with your insurance company. Your plan might not cover any of their services. If you’d like to attend an out-of-network rehab, make sure to ask the admissions team about their pricing options. 

Insurance Limitations

Most insurance plans have limitations on how much they’ll pay for treatment.5 This varies based on your exact policy, among other factors. For example, rehab usually costs more when you extend the length of your stay.

Addiction treatment looks different for everyone, and it can require more than one level of care. You might start recovery in a 30-day inpatient rehab before transferring to a 90-day intensive outpatient program (IOP). And your insurance may cover some types of treatment, but not others. 

Medicaid and Medicare Coverage for Rehab 

You can also pay for rehab using government-funded health insurance, like Medicaid or Medicare:

Like private insurance, Medicare and Medicaid coverage varies based on your specific plan. Many of these plans cover a variety of treatment approaches:8

  • Inpatient rehab
  • Outpatient treatment
  • Substance use and mental health screenings
  • Mental health care
  • Partial hospitalization programs (PHPs)
  • Opioid use disorder treatment
  • Telehealth

Employer-Based Benefits and Assistance Programs

If you need financial assistance for rehab, your employer might be able to help. Some companies can help you pay for treatment through benefits, financial assistance programs, and Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs). 

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

An EAP9 is a confidential program that provides assessments, counseling, and referrals to help employees work through life challenges, including alcohol and drug addiction. These programs promote health and wellness in the workplace. That means you won’t have to worry about the consequences of seeking treatment or taking time off for rehab. EAPs can offer resources to help you decide on the best path forward, whether or not you need residential care.

Employer-Based Benefits

Many employers offer benefits like private health care. Some companies partner with major health insurance providers like BlueCross BlueShield or Aetna to provide health insurance for their employees. You might find similar options through your employer as you would through private health insurance.

Financing Options and Payment Plans

There are options for paying for rehab without insurance. Maybe you make too much for Medicaid coverage but still can’t afford to pay for private insurance. Some treatment centers can help you navigate these complex situations. Financing and flexible payment options make treatment more accessible. 

Income-Based Pricing

In this model, also called sliding scale pricing,10 you can negotiate a fee based on your income. Flexible payment options like these can help you get treatment at a price that works for you. 

Payment Plans

Payment plans11 allow you to pay for rehab over time. You’ll pay a fixed monthly amount until you reach the full price of treatment. Some plans might include monthly interest, meaning the total cost will be higher if it takes you longer to pay it off. 

Scholarships and Grants for Addiction Treatment

Some non-profit and government organizations offer scholarships and grants for various types of rehab. For example, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) provides block grants to fund addiction treatment.12 Block grants can supplement other types of payment. If you don’t have insurance or need services your insurance doesn’t cover, you might be a good candidate for a block grant. 

Unlike loans, you don’t have to repay any scholarship money you receive. Depending on the amount you’re eligible for, you may be able to partially or fully fund treatment with grants.

Resources For Finding Financial Assistance

With so many different ways to cover the cost of rehab, you can decide which strategy is best for you. What matters most is knowing that you have options. You don’t have to put off getting treatment because of your finances. 


If you’d like to pay for rehab with insurance, you can find an in-network program that accepts your current plan.

Frequently Asked Questions About Paying for Rehab

What are the different health insurance plans for drug and alcohol rehab?

Health insurance plans for rehab typically include health maintenance organization (HMO) and preferred provider organization (PPO) options. HMO plans cover services within your care network, while PPO plans offer the flexibility to use out-of-network providers for an additional cost.

Does insurance cover out-of-network rehab providers?

In-network rehab providers generally accept insurance for addiction treatment, but coverage for specific therapies may vary. Out-of-network providers, however, are not contracted with your insurance company, and their services may not be covered by your plan. If you’re considering an out-of-network rehab, inquire about pricing options with your rehab’s admissions team.

What government assistance programs can be used to pay for rehab?

You can use government-funded health insurance programs like Medicaid and Medicare to pay for rehab services. Medicaid covers mental health and substance use disorder services for people with low or no income, while Medicare provides coverage for substance abuse treatment for people aged 65 or older.

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A Parent’s Guide to Drug Smells and Odors

If you think your child might be using drugs, certain smells can help you know for sure. Some substances have distinctive odors. You’re probably already familiar with a few, like alcohol or cigarette smoke. But some of the most dangerous drugs, like meth and PCP, can be harder to identify. This guide will teach you to recognize the smells of several different drugs and help you decide what to do next.

Common Drug Smells and Odors

Drugs can leave lingering odors in your child’s room, in their car, or on their clothes. You might also associate a strong smell with certain behaviors. Does your teen smell different every time they come home from band practice? Or, do they seem more irritable whenever they smell a certain way? 

Once you recognize the smell of drugs, you can get your teen the help they need. But first, it’s important to know what you’re dealing with. And wrong assumptions can make matters worse. Even the best treatment for alcohol abuse might not help your teen recover from meth addiction.

Marijuana

There are many strains of marijuana, and each one smells a little different. But most weed smells “skunky,”1 with distinctive sour, earthy notes. Some describe it as smelling like burnt rope.2 It can also smell light or even citrusy, depending on the varietal. 

Synthetic Cannabinoids

A growing number of U.S. states are legalizing marijuana. As that trend continues, scientists develop more and more synthetic versions of the drug. K2, or spice, is one of these. While K2 isn’t meant for human consumption,3 some people ingest it anyway. Some say that spice smells a lot like marijuana. 

However, other synthetic cannabinoids may smell different.4 One study found that several of these drugs smelled like naphthalene, an ingredient in mothballs. As more synthetic cannabinoids come on the market, it’s hard to predict exactly how each of them will smell. 

If your child is abusing any of these cannabis products, it may be time to research marijuana rehab centers.

PCP

Phencyclidine, more commonly called PCP or angel dust, is a dangerous dissociative.5 This drug is infamous for its more severe side effects, which include paranoia and physical violence. It can even be fatal. 

PCP normally appears as a powder, pill, or liquid. These inert forms of the drug are odorless.6 However, you can smoke PCP by adding the powder to any plant, including marijuana, tobacco, or even herbs like mint. 

The smoke from PCP smells like ammonia. If you find this strong chemical smell on your child’s clothes or belongings, they may be using the drug. But if you notice a characteristic PCP smell coming from an entire home or building, you may be close to a lab that manufactures it on a larger scale. 

Crack Cocaine

Crack cocaine, or crack, is a more potent form of cocaine.7 Both of these drugs are stimulants, and they have an immediate effect on circulation. Your heart beats faster, but your blood vessels get smaller. In extreme cases, this can cause seizures or heart attacks. 

Cocaine is a white powder, and usually odorless. Crack cocaine, however, appears in the form of a rock or crystal, and it has a distinctive smell when smoked. Many people report that crack smells like burnt plastic.8 

Meth

Methamphetamine, or meth, is an extremely powerful stimulant.9 This drug is most common in rural towns, and it can wreak havoc on entire communities. Most of the time, people manufacture it in illegal at-home labs. Because meth includes such volatile chemicals, these labs can easily catch fire or even explode.

Like other synthetic drugs, including crack cocaine, meth emits a strong chemical smell.10 Some compare it to ammonia or burning plastic. If your child smokes meth regularly, or in large quantities, their sweat may start to smell the same way.

Experts say that meth is a “community disease.”11 Even more than other drugs, it affects entire social groups. As a result, your child may need a change of scenery to fully recover. If you’re noticing a meth smell in your home, you can look into meth rehab centers that treat teens.

Recognizing Drug Paraphernalia

Not everyone is an expert drug smell detector. And even if you are, your teen might be very good at hiding their substance use. They could also be using odorless drugs, like prescription pills. 

If you can’t smell drugs, but you’re still concerned about your child’s behavior, you can keep an eye out for common drug paraphernalia.12 Any of these items may smell like their associated drugs.

Marijuana and Cannabinoid Paraphernalia

  • Glass, metal, or wooden pipes
  • Bongs
  • DIY pipes, such as a pipe carved out of an apple or a Coke can with a puncture in the side
  • Prescription pill bottles with or without printed labels, which can be used to store marijuana
  • Herb grinders
  • Lighters
  • Cigarette rolling papers or blunt wraps
  • Vape pens
  • Bottles of vape juice
  • Blowtorches
  • Lighters
  • Shallow dishes or trays with drug residue

PCP Paraphernalia

  • Dark-colored cigarettes
  • Cigarette rolling papers
  • Bags of plant matter, such as marijuana or non-psychoactive herbs
  • Glass or metal pipes
  • Bongs
  • Lighters

Cocaine and Crack Cocaine Paraphernalia

  • Glass pipes
  • Lighters
  • Small spoons, keys, or other objects that can fit inside a nostril
  • Small plastic bags
  • Small glass or plastic bottles with screw tops
  • Rolled bills or straws that have been cut down
  • Credit cards, ID cards, or razor blades with white residue
  • Small mirrors or plates with white residue or scratch marks

Because cocaine normally doesn’t have a smell, it can be harder to detect than smokable drugs. If you’re worried your child is snorting the powdered version, you can learn how to tell if someone is using cocaine. 

Meth Paraphernalia

  • Glass pipes
  • Spoons
  • Tinfoil
  • Lighters

Injectable Drug Paraphernalia

Some people inject drugs like meth, crack cocaine, and PCP. However, heroin is the most common injectable drug.13 No matter which substance a person is injecting, they’ll probably use similar paraphernalia:

  • Syringes
  • Metal spoons or cookers14 (small metal containers used for heating drugs over a flame)
  • Lighters
  • Items that can be used as tourniquets,15 including elastic strips, belts, neckties, and similar

Injecting drugs16 is one of the most dangerous ways to take them. It substantially increases the risk of infectious diseases, including HIV and hepatitis. If you suspect your teen is injecting drugs, they may need immediate professional support. To get them the help they need, you can start by researching heroin rehab centers. 

Signs and Symptoms of Drug Use

Addiction causes behavioral changes17—but so does adolescence. It can be hard to tell the difference between normal teen development and more serious problems. According to experts, there are a few warning signs that your child might need help: 

  1. Their demeanor changes suddenly.
  2. Multiple signs of addiction appear at the same time. 
  3. Their behavior is extreme. 

But what specific signs should you look for? You can keep your child safe by watching out for these symptoms of substance abuse:18

  • Frequently changing friend groups
  • Regularly staying out after their curfew
  • Lying about where they’ve been
  • Making transparent excuses for bad behavior
  • Pulling back from family activities
  • Disrespecting authority figures such as parents, teachers, or other adults
  • Academic problems
  • Changes in appearance
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Bloodshot eyes, dilated pupils, or pinpoint pupils
  • Unexplained weight gain or loss
  • Uncharacteristic or unprovoked anger
  • Poor judgment
  • Irritability
  • Depression
  • Mood swings
  • Drastic changes to sleep habits

Identifying Drug Smells in the Home

When you want to keep your child safe, asking “What do drugs smell like?” can be a good first step. But smells can be deceiving. If you think you’re smelling drugs, you should gather more information before confronting your child.

First, consider the context in which you’re noticing the smell: 

  • Is the smell coming from your child’s bedroom, the clothes they’re wearing, their body, or somewhere else? 
  • Do you only notice it at certain times of the day? 
  • Does your child act differently when they smell that way? 

Use your answers to make a plan of action. For example, if you notice the smell in their bedroom, you might want to take a look around while they’re out of the house. Or if the smell only happens late at night, you can check in on them around that time to make sure they’re okay. 

Looking for Drugs in Your Home

If you think your teen may be keeping substances in your home, you should be aware of a few common hiding spots for drugs:19

  • Electronics with closed compartments (calculators, game consoles, alarm clocks, etc.)
  • Highlighters or pens with caps
  • Candy wrappers or snack containers
  • Heating vents
  • Stuffed animals
  • Car interiors, especially any hidden compartments

Some retailers also sell disguised stash containers,20 which look like other objects. For example, your teen might have a smell-proof container that looks exactly like a can of soda. 

Addressing Drug Use With Your Child

Every behavior—even dangerous behavior—serves a purpose. If your child’s using drugs, there’s a reason for it. But they might not know what that reason is. Maybe they’re trying to self-medicate mental health issues, impress their friends, or just get your attention. Whatever need they’re trying to meet, you can help them address it in a more effective way. 

In many cases, the next step is to talk to your child about their behavior. You can also get the help of a therapist or addiction specialist, or even stage an intervention. Whatever you decide, take your time to prepare for this conversation. Go into it with a plan for what you’ll say, and clear goals for the future. 

The most important thing is opening communication with your child, and letting them know you’re on their side. Try to avoid blaming them or punishing them for their behavior. Instead, focus on giving them more support. This could mean that you set stronger boundaries, or take away privileges like staying out after a certain time. You can also look for more sustainable ways to meet their emotional needs. For example, you might suggest a weekly family hike or movie night. 

If your child is abusing drugs, they may need professional mental health treatment. It’s best to start researching treatment programs before it becomes an emergency. You can also reach out to rehab programs to ask for their expert advice. 

Prevention and Education

Whether or not your child is using drugs, there are things you can do to keep them safe. Experts have identified certain risk factors for drug use among teens:21

  • Conflict with parents
  • Inconsistent, harsh, or lacking discipline
  • Substance use by parents or siblings
  • Physical abuse
  • Lack of supervision
  • Academic problems

Addressing these issues can lower your child’s risk of substance abuse. You can also teach them about addiction, and what to do if they encounter drug use. For example, you can encourage them to call you for a ride home if any of their friends offer them drugs. 

Seeking Professional Assistance

Data suggests that instead of talking to their parents, teens confide in other adults22 more readily. In addition to offering them emotional support, you can connect them with a larger community of people. That could include trusted friends, extended family, and mental health providers. 

You can choose the right type of healthcare professional based on your family’s needs. These experts can help in a variety of ways: 

  • Offering a safe space in which teens can talk about their feelings
  • Diagnosing underlying mental health issues
  • Prescribing non-addictive medications 
  • Recommending specific types of long-term treatment
  • Facilitating communication between family members
  • Educating parents on how to best support teenagers

Addiction and mental health treatment are different for everyone. Your child might benefit from seeing a talk therapist, psychiatrist, social worker, or other specialist. In most rehab programs—including inpatient and outpatient centers—they’ll get coordinated care from a team of experts. 

While treatment will focus on your child, it often includes the whole family. You might attend group therapy sessions or just receive updates about their progress. Their care team will probably also suggest ways to improve your whole family’s dynamic. 

Supporting Your Child’s Well-Being

If you discover that your child is using drugs, it’s a sign that something has to change. Going forward, they’ll probably need new kinds of support. That could mean going to rehab, switching schools, or something else entirely. In any event, this might be the start of a turbulent time. 

As your child makes this transition, look for ways to provide stability: 

  • Communicate openly. Foster a supportive home environment by talking to your child about their feelings. You can also share your own experience in a gentle, loving way.
  • Set clear boundaries and expectations. Reward their progress and provide consistent discipline. 
  • Connect with the other people in their support network. This may include therapists, teachers, friends, or extended family. Work as a team to support your child’s ongoing recovery.
  • Set a positive example. Children with parents who abuse substances,23 including alcohol, have a higher risk of addiction. 
  • Look for ways to have fun. Finding joy is an essential part of recovery. Encourage your child to try new hobbies they might find meaningful. You can also plan regular activities as a family.

Remember that your child isn’t the only one going through a major life change. Their journey affects you and your whole family. Make sure you get the support you need, too. You might see a 1:1 therapist, lean on trusted friends, or just take time for yourself. 

Practicing self-care has several benefits. First, you’ll ensure that you have the emotional bandwidth to help your child face whatever challenges arise. You’ll also show your child that it’s okay to ask for help when they need it. 

Moving Forward Together

If you’re concerned that your child might be doing drugs, there are a few steps you can take to keep them safe: 

  • Learn how to detect drug smells in your home or on your child’s clothes.
  • Check for drug paraphernalia, making sure to look in common hiding places.
  • Talk to your child about drug use.
  • Get expert advice from mental health professionals. 

Parenting is a constant learning process. And the more you know about substance abuse, the more tools you’ll have to help your child. If they need professional support, you can always connect with a rehab program for teens.

Frequently Asked Questions About Drug Smells and Odors

What does meth smell like?

Methamphetamine, or meth, emits a strong chemical smell resembling ammonia or burning plastic. Recognizing this distinct odor can help identify potential methamphetamine use.

What does fentanyl smell like?

Fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid, lacks a distinctive smell. It’s generally odorless, making it hard to detect based on smell alone. However, recognizing other signs and symptoms of fentanyl use is crucial.

What drug smells like burnt plastic?

Crack cocaine is often associated with a smell similar to burnt plastic. This distinct odor is a characteristic of crack cocaine when smoked. Recognizing this smell can help identify possible crack cocaine use.

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How to Find a Job After Rehab

By the time you get out of rehab, you might be looking for a new job. Perhaps the stress of your last career made your addiction worse. Or maybe you just want a fresh start as you enter the next phase of your life. Whatever your reasons, this can be a great time to make a change.

Addiction recovery is a major life transition. Your needs, goals, and abilities may be different than they used to be. And so the process of looking for work will probably be different, too. With this guide, you can learn how to find a job after rehab. 

Preparing for the Job Search

Even before you start looking for a job after rehab, you can set yourself up for success. Take this opportunity to assess your strengths, skills, and interests. Start by privately answering a few questions:

  • What skills come naturally to you? 
  • Of those skills, which ones do you most enjoy doing?
  • Imagine you have to give a 30-minute presentation on a topic of your choice, with no preparation. What topic would you choose?
  • Is there a subject area you want to learn more about?

Thinking about these questions can help you decide what type of job to look for. And then, you’ll know what materials to gather for your search. Depending on your field, you may need some or all of the following: 

  • Resume
  • Cover letter
  • Professional references
  • Letters of recommendation
  • Current professional license
  • Diplomas or educational certificates

Review each of these documents to confirm that they’re relevant and up to date, and be prepared to make changes. You’ll probably need to send out different versions of your resume and cover letter to every potential employer. While it can be time-consuming, that strategy lets you tailor each application to the specific job at hand.

Exploring Job Opportunities

After drug or alcohol rehab, your career goals might change. Your mental health history could be part of that. For example, jobs within certain industries have a higher risk of addiction.1 If the culture of your last job supported substance abuse, you might need to change fields. Or, you might need to work part-time while you attend outpatient treatment. The important thing is to look for a job that gives you a sense of purpose and supports your larger recovery goals. 

Once you know what you’re looking for, it’s time to identify specific jobs that might be a good fit. These resources can help with your search: 

  • The National H.I.R.E. Network2 helps people with criminal records find employment opportunities. H.I.R.E. stands for “Helping Individuals with arrest and conviction records Reenter through Employment.” This advocacy group has 2 primary goals. First, they work with lawmakers to affect policy change. Second, they connect job seekers with helpful local resources. 
  • CareerOneStop3 is a national resource published by the U.S. Department of Labor. In addition to job postings, their site offers educational materials for veterans, people with disabilities, people changing careers, and more. 
  • SkillSPAN4 is a network of state-level coalitions that can help you prepare to find work. These organizations offer job skills training, career guidance, higher education, and more. Different resources are available in various regions. SkillSPAN is one arm of the National Skills Coalition. 

Online job boards are a great place to start, but your personal network is just as important. Data shows that most job opportunities are never even posted online.5 Let your friends, family, and colleagues know you’re looking. They just might connect you with the perfect opportunity.

Crafting a Compelling Job Application

Your application materials should demonstrate that you understand the company’s needs. You can do this in several ways: 

  • Tailor your resume and cover letter to fit each new job application. Make sure you include relevant keywords and highlight the skills that make you a great candidate. 
  • Be honest without oversharing. Never lie on your resume—that information is easy to verify. It’s better to show a gap in employment than a false description of your work history. That being said, you don’t have to bring up new information that might undermine your goals. 
  • Frame your experience positively. Directly address any concerns an employer might have. For example, if you have a conviction on public record, you can use your cover letter to describe your progress since then. Explain how your past experiences have helped you grow.

Navigating the Job Interview

A job interview is your chance to make a good first impression. Up until this conversation, you’re just a name on a resume. But when you meet, they can get to know you as a whole person. It’s important to demonstrate your commitment here:

  • Dress the part. Show up in professional attire that suits the job in question. If you’re applying to work as a restaurant server, for instance, you might want to arrive in comfortable shoes instead of 4-inch high heels. 
  • Practice your responses to common interview questions.6 At the same time, consider how your experience has prepared you for this job. This is more than a chance to present yourself well. It’s also an opportunity to build confidence.
  • Decide in advance how much you want to share. There’s no one right or wrong answer here—it depends on your history and on which jobs you’re applying for. But whatever you choose, you can plan ahead to avoid being caught off guard.

If you need to talk about your history of addiction, you can discuss it positively and professionally. What did you learn from the experience, and what are you still learning? Maybe you have a stronger support system than you once did, or you know more about how the brain works. Tell the interviewer how much you’ve grown, and what your goals are for the future. You can also tell them what you’d need from a new employer. For example, if you attend A.A. meetings every Tuesday at 2 pm, you might need those afternoons off. 

Disclosing Your Rehab History

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects people with disabilities from discrimination. In other words, you can’t be fired from a job just because you have a disability. The ADA applies to people with substance use disorders7 and mental health issues. These protections last throughout recovery, but they change in each stage of the hiring process. 

While You’re Applying

  • Your potential employer may not ask if you have a disability.
  • If you disclose that you have a disability, your potential employer may not ask about the nature of that disability. 
  • If your potential employer asks about your disability, violating the ADA, you are not required to answer. 
  • Even if you answer questions that violate the ADA, you are eligible for ADA protections.

After You Get Hired, Before Starting the Job

  • Your new employer may ask questions about your medical history, including addiction, as long as they’re relevant to the job.
  • Your new employer may ask about your current alcohol and drug use. 
  • If asked, you must answer questions about your disability. However, if they don’t ask, you’re not legally required to volunteer new information. 

After Starting the Job

  • Your employer can only ask about your condition if it’s directly relevant to your ability to do your job.
  • If you’re actively using drugs or alcohol—or engaging in another addictive behavior that impairs your ability to work—you can legally be fired.
  • If you develop an addiction to a medication you only take as prescribed, you are protected by the ADA. If you take the same medication excessively, you’ll lose that protection.

It’s important to understand these laws so you can protect yourself from illegal discrimination. However, because many jobs come through personal networks, a potential employer might already know about your treatment history. Although they can’t legally ask more detailed questions, they might mention information they already have. If that happens, you can address their concerns without revealing anything new. In these conversations, look for ways to frame your recovery as a strength. 

Building a Supportive Network

Finding employment doesn’t have to be a solo mission. Don’t be afraid to ask for help during this process. You can find support from many types of relationships: 

  • Friends
  • Family members
  • Professional mentors
  • Career coaches who specialize in post-rehab employment
  • Aftercare specialists at your rehab

Reach out to your network for advice and emotional support, and to see if they know of any job openings. You might also be eligible for professional career coaching services. If you’re part of an aftercare program, ask your care team to connect you with these resources. 

Don’t limit yourself to the people you already know. This is a great time to get out there and make new connections. You can do that by going to industry or networking events, attending conferences, and taking in-person classes on related topics.

Maintaining Self-Care During the Job Search Process

Job searches are stressful for everyone. And if you’re in recovery, stress can be triggering.8 

It’s important to commit to your recovery goals while you apply for jobs. Making a specific plan can help:

  • Schedule self-care. You could decide to exercise every morning or go to bed at the same time each night. There’s no need to make major changes here. What strategies do you already find helpful? Write them down, and stick to your routine while you’re trying to find a job.
  • Keep your commitments. Accountability is a big part of healing from addiction. Whatever your commitments are, it’s important to follow through. That could mean attending a weekly support group, taking daily medication, or responding to your therapist’s emails in a timely way. 
  • Stay in touch. Check in with your support network regularly throughout your job search. Your loved ones can remind you that there’s more to life than getting a job. And that perspective can make you a more appealing candidate. 

Learn more about how to get a job after rehab from the experts. Connect with specialists in an addiction treatment program today.

Frequently Asked Questions About Finding a Job After Rehab

How do I find a job after rehab?

Finding a job after rehab requires preparation and a clear plan. Start by assessing your strengths, skills, and interests. Tailor your resume and cover letter for each job application, and explore job opportunities online and through your personal network. Interviewing successfully involves demonstrating your commitment and framing your recovery positively. It’s also helpful to understand your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and disclose your rehab history appropriately.

What resources can help me find work after rehab?

CareerOneStop, a national resource by the U.S. Department of Labor, offers job postings and educational materials. SkillSPAN, part of the National Skills Coalition, provides job skills training, career guidance, and more at the state level. The National H.I.R.E. Network helps people with criminal records find employment opportunities. Online job boards and personal networks are also valuable in job searches.

How can I maintain my sobriety during the job search process?

The job search process can be stressful, especially for those in addiction recovery. To maintain a healthy balance that’s conducive to your sobriety, schedule regular self-care activities like exercise and try to maintain a consistent sleep routine. Keep your commitments to your recovery, attend support groups, and stay in touch with your support network. Remember the importance of accountability and follow through with your commitment to long-term recovery.